Physics

Buck Converter Calculator

Find the output voltage of a step-down buck converter.

Calculated Output

Output voltage (V) 4.8

Formula: V_out = V_in × D

Step-by-Step Breakdown

1. Values used:

2. Input voltage = 12 V

3. Duty cycle = 40 %

5. Output voltage = (12 / 100) x 40 = 0.12 x 40 = 4.8V

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The math behind it

For continuous conduction, V_out = V_in × D, where D is the duty cycle (0–1).

12 V at 40% duty → 4.8 V.

Is it efficient?

Yes — switching regulators are far more efficient than linear ones for big voltage drops.