Effective Nuclear Charge Calculator
Find effective nuclear charge from protons and shielding.
Effective nuclear charge is the net positive charge an electron actually feels.
The math behind it
Z_eff = atomic number − shielding constant (estimated via Slater's rules).
Worked example
Sodium: 11 − 8.8 → 2.2.
FAQ
Why less than Z?
Inner electrons shield outer ones from the full nuclear charge.